Are Ford Escape Front Wheel Drive Your Guide to FWD Escapes

Alright, so, are ford escape front wheel drive? Let’s spill the tea! We’re diving headfirst into the world of the Ford Escape, specifically the ones that roll with front-wheel drive (FWD). Think of it like this: the engine’s power goes straight to the front wheels, pulling the car along. It’s the classic setup, and a super common one, especially when you’re tryna save some dough and get better gas mileage.

We’ll be breaking down everything you need to know, from spotting a FWD Escape to keeping it running smooth, all Medan style!

We’ll start with the basics, like how FWD works and why it’s a popular choice for the Escape. Then, we’ll get into the nitty-gritty of identifying FWD models, looking at model years, trim levels, and even some visual cues. After that, we’ll talk about how these FWD Escapes handle on the road, from dry pavement to slippery snow. We’ll also cover maintenance, comparing them with the competition, and even some tips for driving in different conditions.

Finally, we’ll peek at what you can do to spice things up with aftermarket mods.

Introduction to Ford Escape Front-Wheel Drive (FWD)

The Ford Escape, a compact SUV, has long been a popular choice for drivers seeking versatility and practicality. A key component of its appeal is the availability of front-wheel drive (FWD), a drivetrain configuration that significantly impacts the vehicle’s performance, fuel economy, and overall cost. This introduction will explore the fundamentals of FWD in the Escape, its history, and its advantages.

Basic Mechanics of a FWD System

A front-wheel drive system is designed to power the front wheels of a vehicle, in contrast to rear-wheel drive (RWD) or all-wheel drive (AWD) systems. This means that the engine’s power is transferred directly to the front wheels, which are responsible for both propelling the vehicle forward and steering it.The process involves several key components:

• The engine generates power.
• This power is transmitted through the transmission, which adjusts the engine’s output to match the vehicle’s speed and the driver’s demands.
• The transmission sends power to the front axles.
• The front axles, equipped with constant-velocity (CV) joints, then deliver the power to the front wheels, allowing them to rotate and drive the vehicle.

This design eliminates the need for a driveshaft running the length of the vehicle, which is required in RWD and AWD configurations, contributing to reduced weight and increased efficiency.

History of the Ford Escape and FWD

The Ford Escape debuted in 2000 as a 2001 model year vehicle. From its inception, front-wheel drive was offered as a standard configuration, with all-wheel drive available as an optional upgrade. This strategic decision reflected the growing consumer preference for fuel-efficient vehicles and the Escape’s intended role as a practical, everyday SUV. The FWD Escape provided a more affordable option for drivers primarily navigating urban and suburban environments.

Advantages of FWD: Fuel Efficiency and Cost

The primary benefits of the FWD configuration in the Ford Escape are related to fuel economy and overall cost. These advantages stem from the inherent design of the system.Fuel efficiency is improved for the following reasons:

• Reduced Weight: FWD systems typically weigh less than RWD or AWD systems because they eliminate components like the driveshaft and rear differential. This weight reduction directly translates to better fuel economy, as the engine requires less power to move the vehicle.
• Simplified Powertrain: With fewer moving parts, FWD systems experience less friction, further contributing to fuel efficiency.

The cost advantages of FWD are significant:

• Lower Manufacturing Costs: FWD systems are generally less complex to manufacture than RWD or AWD systems. This translates to lower production costs for the vehicle manufacturer, which can be passed on to the consumer.
• Lower Purchase Price: Because of the reduced manufacturing costs, FWD Escapes typically have a lower base price compared to AWD models. This makes them a more accessible option for budget-conscious buyers.
• Reduced Maintenance Costs: With fewer components, FWD systems generally require less maintenance over the vehicle’s lifespan.

These factors combine to make the FWD Ford Escape an attractive option for drivers prioritizing fuel economy and affordability.

Identifying FWD Ford Escape Models

Understanding which Ford Escape models utilize front-wheel drive (FWD) is crucial for prospective buyers and owners alike. This knowledge impacts everything from fuel efficiency and handling characteristics to maintenance requirements and overall driving experience. Identifying these models accurately ensures informed decisions, aligning vehicle selection with individual needs and preferences.

Ford Escape Trim Levels and Model Years with FWD

The availability of FWD in the Ford Escape has varied across different model years and trim levels. Below is a comprehensive table detailing the FWD trim configurations offered, along with their respective model years, engine options, and key features. This information helps clarify which specific Escape models were available with FWD.

Visual Cues for Identifying FWD Ford Escape Models

While the trim level and model year provide a clear indication of FWD availability, visual inspection can also offer clues. These cues are not definitive, but they can provide strong supporting evidence.

• Absence of “AWD” or “4WD” Badging: A primary indicator is the absence of any “AWD” or “4WD” badging on the vehicle’s exterior, typically on the rear liftgate. While not always present, the lack of such badging strongly suggests a FWD configuration.
• Ride Height and Ground Clearance: FWD models often sit slightly lower to the ground compared to their AWD counterparts. This difference is subtle, but noticeable upon close comparison. The suspension setup and overall ride height are frequently adjusted to accommodate the different drivetrain configurations.
• Rear Axle Configuration: A visual inspection of the rear axle can provide clues. On FWD models, the rear axle components will be simpler, lacking the driveshaft and related components necessary to send power to the rear wheels. AWD models will have a more complex setup visible underneath the vehicle.
• Wheel Well Appearance: While not always a definitive indicator, the wheel well appearance can sometimes offer hints. FWD models may have slightly different wheel well designs or clearances compared to AWD versions.

Performance Characteristics of FWD Ford Escapes

Front-wheel drive (FWD) Ford Escapes offer a distinct set of performance characteristics, primarily impacting handling, acceleration, and fuel efficiency. Understanding these aspects is crucial for potential buyers to assess whether FWD aligns with their driving needs and preferences. This section delves into these key performance areas, comparing them with all-wheel drive (AWD) counterparts where relevant.

Handling Characteristics in Different Driving Conditions

The handling of a FWD Ford Escape is significantly influenced by the driving conditions. FWD systems transmit power to the front wheels, which also handle steering, creating a different driving experience compared to AWD vehicles.In dry conditions, FWD Escapes generally exhibit predictable handling. The front wheels provide good grip, allowing for confident cornering and maneuverability. Understeer, where the vehicle tends to “plow” or continue straight ahead in a turn, is a common characteristic of FWD vehicles, especially when pushed to their limits.In wet conditions, the reduced grip of the road surface makes the front wheels more susceptible to losing traction.

This can lead to increased understeer and a feeling of instability. Drivers may need to adjust their steering and throttle inputs to maintain control. The Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, standard on modern Escapes, helps mitigate this by selectively braking individual wheels to correct oversteer or understeer.In snowy conditions, FWD Escapes can provide adequate traction, especially with winter tires. However, they are generally less capable than AWD models.

The weight of the engine and transmission over the front wheels helps with traction, but the absence of power to the rear wheels limits the vehicle’s ability to pull itself out of challenging situations, such as deep snow or icy inclines. The driver must exercise caution and use smooth inputs to avoid wheel spin and loss of control.

Impact on Acceleration and Driving Dynamics Compared to AWD Models

FWD Escapes generally offer different acceleration and overall driving dynamics compared to their AWD counterparts. The primary difference stems from the drivetrain layout and the distribution of power.FWD Escapes typically weigh less than AWD models, as they lack the components needed to send power to the rear wheels, such as a transfer case and rear differential. This lighter weight can contribute to slightly better acceleration in some cases, particularly in a straight line.

However, the front wheels are responsible for both steering and providing power, which can lead to wheel spin during hard acceleration, especially on slippery surfaces.AWD Escapes, on the other hand, distribute power to all four wheels, resulting in superior acceleration and traction, particularly from a standstill or on surfaces with low grip. This is because the power is spread across more wheels, reducing the likelihood of wheel spin and allowing the vehicle to more effectively apply its available horsepower.

In terms of overall driving dynamics, AWD models generally offer enhanced stability and control, especially during cornering and in challenging road conditions.

The Ford Escape, often found navigating city streets, frequently features front-wheel drive. One might then ponder the grip of its rivals. Considering the capabilities of all-wheel-drive systems, a question arises: are audi q5 all wheel drive ? Such inquiries illuminate the Escape’s own configurations, reminding us of its core design for everyday journeys.

Contribution to Better Fuel Economy

FWD Escapes often achieve better fuel economy than their AWD counterparts. This is primarily due to the reduced weight and mechanical complexity of the FWD system.The absence of components such as a transfer case, rear differential, and associated driveshafts reduces the vehicle’s overall weight, leading to improved fuel efficiency. Furthermore, FWD systems generally have fewer frictional losses than AWD systems, as they have fewer moving parts.Fuel economy figures vary depending on the engine, transmission, and driving conditions.

However, FWD Escapes typically achieve higher miles per gallon (MPG) ratings in both city and highway driving compared to AWD models. For example, a 2023 Ford Escape with a 1.5L EcoBoost engine and FWD configuration has an EPA-estimated fuel economy of 28 MPG combined, while the same engine with AWD has an EPA-estimated fuel economy of 26 MPG combined. This difference, although seemingly small, can translate into significant fuel savings over the lifespan of the vehicle.

Maintenance and Reliability of FWD Ford Escapes

The front-wheel-drive (FWD) configuration in Ford Escapes, while generally reliable, requires diligent maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Regular servicing, particularly of the drivetrain components, is crucial to prevent premature wear and potential failures. Understanding the specific maintenance needs of the FWD system allows owners to proactively address potential issues and maintain the vehicle’s value over time.

Common Maintenance Procedures for FWD Systems

Maintaining the FWD system in a Ford Escape involves several key procedures that, when performed regularly, contribute significantly to the vehicle’s reliability. These procedures are typically Artikeld in the owner’s manual and should be adhered to for optimal performance.* Transmission Fluid Changes: Regular transmission fluid changes are essential. The interval for these changes varies depending on the Escape’s model year and driving conditions, but it’s typically recommended every 30,000 to 60,000 miles.

Using the correct type of transmission fluid, as specified by Ford, is critical to avoid damage to the transmission.* Axle and CV Joint Inspection: Inspecting the front axles and constant-velocity (CV) joints for wear and tear is a crucial maintenance task. Look for cracked or torn CV joint boots, which can leak grease and lead to joint failure. Replacement of damaged boots or entire axles is necessary to prevent further damage.* Wheel Alignment: Maintaining proper wheel alignment is important to prevent uneven tire wear and ensure optimal handling.

Misalignment can place undue stress on the FWD components, potentially leading to premature wear of axles and other drivetrain parts. Regular alignment checks, especially after encountering potholes or curbs, are recommended.* Differential Fluid Service: Some FWD Escapes, particularly those with a transaxle that includes a differential, require periodic differential fluid changes. This fluid lubricates the differential gears and prevents wear.

The service interval varies, but it’s often recommended around the same time as transmission fluid changes.* Brake System Maintenance: While not directly part of the FWD system, the brakes are integral to safe operation. Regular inspection of brake pads, rotors, and calipers is vital. Ensure brake fluid is clean and free of contaminants. Proper brake maintenance also affects handling and stability, especially during braking in challenging conditions.

Potential Issues in FWD Escapes

FWD Escapes, compared to their all-wheel-drive (AWD) counterparts, may experience certain issues that are more prevalent due to the increased stress placed on the front drivetrain components. Recognizing these potential problems allows for proactive intervention.* CV Joint Failure: The CV joints are subject to significant stress during acceleration and turning. Cracked or torn CV boots can lead to grease leakage, contamination, and ultimately, joint failure.

Replacement of CV joints is often required, particularly in vehicles that experience harsh driving conditions or frequent off-road use.* Transmission Problems: The transmission in FWD Escapes handles all the power delivery to the front wheels. This can lead to increased wear and tear. Problems can range from fluid leaks to internal component failures. Regular fluid changes and inspections can mitigate these issues.* Axle Issues: The front axles bear the brunt of power delivery and steering forces.

Over time, axles can develop wear, leading to noise or vibration. In severe cases, axles may fail completely. Early detection through regular inspections is key.* Differential Wear: In transaxle configurations, the differential can experience wear, particularly if fluid changes are neglected. This can result in gear noise and reduced efficiency. Regular fluid changes are critical to preventing differential failure.* Steering System Wear: While not directly part of the FWD system, the steering components work in tandem with it.

Worn steering components, such as tie rods or ball joints, can exacerbate wear on the FWD system by causing misalignment and increased stress on axles and CV joints.

Maintenance Tips to Extend FWD System Life

Implementing a few simple maintenance practices can significantly extend the lifespan of the FWD system in a Ford Escape. These tips are aimed at preventing common issues and ensuring the vehicle’s long-term reliability.* Follow the Maintenance Schedule: Adhering to the manufacturer’s recommended maintenance schedule is paramount. This includes regular fluid changes, inspections, and component replacements as specified in the owner’s manual.* Use Quality Fluids: Always use the correct type and quality of fluids, including transmission fluid, differential fluid (if applicable), and engine oil.

Using substandard fluids can lead to premature wear and damage.* Inspect Regularly: Perform regular visual inspections of the FWD components, including axles, CV joints, and boots. Look for any signs of damage, leaks, or unusual wear.* Drive Responsibly: Avoid aggressive driving habits, such as hard acceleration and sharp turns, which can place excessive stress on the FWD system.* Address Issues Promptly: If any unusual noises, vibrations, or handling issues are noticed, address them immediately.

Delaying repairs can lead to more significant and costly problems down the road.* Professional Servicing: Consider having a qualified mechanic perform maintenance and repairs. Professionals have the expertise and tools necessary to properly diagnose and address any issues.

Comparing FWD Escapes with Competitors

The Ford Escape, particularly in its front-wheel-drive configuration, competes in a crowded and competitive compact SUV market. Understanding its strengths and weaknesses relative to rivals is crucial for potential buyers. This comparison examines key aspects such as fuel economy, cargo space, starting price, and performance features, providing a comprehensive overview of the Escape’s position in the segment.

Fuel Economy and Efficiency Comparisons

Fuel economy is a significant consideration for consumers. The Escape’s fuel efficiency often positions it competitively, though specific figures vary based on engine choice and model year. The following points illustrate this.

• The Escape’s fuel economy is often comparable to, or slightly better than, its rivals in the compact SUV segment, depending on the engine and model year.
• The base engine option often provides a good balance between fuel efficiency and performance. For example, in the 2023 model year, the Escape with a 1.5-liter EcoBoost engine achieved an EPA-estimated 28 mpg combined.
• Competitors, such as the Honda CR-V and Toyota RAV4, are also known for their fuel efficiency, often presenting strong competition in this area. The CR-V, for example, frequently matches or slightly surpasses the Escape in combined MPG.

Cargo Space and Utility Analysis

Cargo space is another critical factor for SUV buyers. The Escape’s cargo capacity, when compared to competitors, can vary slightly.

• The Escape typically offers competitive cargo space within its class. The specific cubic footage varies depending on the generation and configuration.
• Rivals like the Honda CR-V and the Toyota RAV4 often provide similar or slightly more cargo capacity, especially with the rear seats folded down.
• Features such as a hands-free liftgate (available on higher trims) enhance the Escape’s utility and ease of use.

Starting Price and Value Proposition

The starting price is a key factor in attracting buyers. The Escape’s value proposition is assessed against its rivals.

• The Ford Escape’s starting price is generally competitive within the compact SUV segment.
• The price can vary based on trim level, with higher trims offering more features at a higher cost.
• Competitors like the Mazda CX-5 and the Nissan Rogue often offer comparable starting prices. The value proposition is also influenced by included features, warranty coverage, and overall reliability.

Performance and Feature Comparison Table

A comparative table provides a concise overview of key specifications. This table highlights some significant features.

Performance and Feature Rivalry

The Escape’s performance and features are evaluated against those of its rivals.

• The Escape’s available engine options, including the EcoBoost engines and hybrid variants, provide a range of performance characteristics. The EcoBoost engines offer strong acceleration, while the hybrid prioritizes fuel efficiency.
• The Honda CR-V often excels in overall refinement and a smooth ride, while the Toyota RAV4 is known for its reliability and available off-road capabilities in certain trims.
• The Mazda CX-5 frequently stands out with its premium interior design and engaging driving dynamics, although it may offer slightly less cargo space compared to the Escape.
• Standard safety features, such as those included in Ford Co-Pilot360, are a significant selling point, and the Escape typically includes a comprehensive suite of driver-assistance technologies. Competitors also offer similar safety features, creating a competitive environment.

Driving in Different Conditions with a FWD Ford Escape

The Ford Escape, with its front-wheel-drive configuration, offers a versatile driving experience, but understanding how it behaves in varying conditions is crucial for safety and optimal performance. This section details essential driving techniques and considerations for navigating diverse weather and terrain with a FWD Escape.

Driving in Rain, Snow, and Ice

Navigating adverse weather demands a proactive approach to driving. Rain, snow, and ice significantly reduce tire grip, increasing stopping distances and the risk of skidding.

• Rain: In rainy conditions, reduce speed and increase following distance. Hydroplaning, where tires lose contact with the road surface due to a layer of water, is a significant risk. Be gentle with steering and braking to avoid sudden movements that could cause a loss of control. The Escape’s electronic stability control (ESC) system helps mitigate hydroplaning, but driver caution remains paramount.

  Consider the depth of the water; if it’s too deep, it can damage the engine.

• Snow: Driving in snow requires slow, deliberate movements. Gentle acceleration and braking are essential to maintain traction. Avoid abrupt steering inputs. If the Escape begins to skid, steer in the direction of the skid. Winter tires can dramatically improve performance in snowy conditions.

• Ice: Ice presents the most challenging conditions. Drive at a crawl and use extreme caution. Braking on ice can be particularly dangerous; use engine braking (downshifting) to slow the vehicle when possible. Avoid sudden maneuvers. If you feel the car begin to slide, steer in the direction of the slide and gently apply the accelerator to regain control.

Driving on Inclines and Declines

Inclines and declines present unique challenges for any vehicle, and the FWD Escape is no exception. Proper technique ensures both safety and efficient operation.

• Ascending Inclines: When climbing a steep hill, maintain a steady speed and avoid unnecessary gear changes. Downshifting may be necessary to maintain momentum. Ensure you have sufficient power to avoid stalling. If the Escape begins to lose speed, downshift to a lower gear to increase engine power and torque.
• Descending Declines: Use engine braking to control speed when going downhill. Shift to a lower gear to reduce reliance on the brakes, which can overheat and lose effectiveness. Avoid excessive braking, which can cause the vehicle to skid.

Common Driving Techniques for Maximizing Control and Safety in a FWD Vehicle

These driving techniques are universally applicable to FWD vehicles, optimizing control and safety in various situations.

• Smooth Acceleration: Avoid rapid acceleration, which can cause wheelspin, especially on wet or slippery surfaces. Gradual and controlled acceleration maximizes traction and stability.
• Gentle Braking: Apply brakes smoothly and progressively. Avoid slamming on the brakes, which can cause the wheels to lock up and lead to a loss of control. Use engine braking to supplement the braking system, particularly when descending hills.
• Controlled Steering: Make smooth, gradual steering inputs. Avoid sudden or jerky movements, which can upset the vehicle’s balance and lead to a loss of control.
• Proper Tire Inflation: Maintain the correct tire pressure as recommended by Ford. Properly inflated tires provide optimal grip and handling in all conditions. Check tire pressure regularly, especially before long trips and during seasonal changes.
• Use of Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Familiarize yourself with how the ESC system functions in your Escape. This system automatically intervenes to help prevent skidding and loss of control, but it is not a substitute for safe driving practices.

Aftermarket Modifications for FWD Ford Escapes

The Ford Escape, particularly the front-wheel-drive (FWD) models, offers a surprisingly diverse landscape for aftermarket modifications. While not typically associated with high-performance tuning like some sports cars, the Escape’s popularity and readily available parts make it a viable platform for enhancing both its aesthetics and, to a certain extent, its performance capabilities. The modifications, however, require careful consideration to balance desired improvements with potential impacts on fuel efficiency and overall vehicle longevity.

Possibility of Modifying a FWD Ford Escape, Are ford escape front wheel drive

The FWD Ford Escape, with its mass-market appeal, is supported by a robust aftermarket. This means a wide array of parts and services are available, ranging from cosmetic upgrades to performance enhancements. The extent of modification is largely determined by the owner’s budget, technical expertise, and the intended use of the vehicle. It’s crucial to research thoroughly and select modifications that align with the vehicle’s capabilities and the owner’s driving style.

Improperly installed or incompatible modifications can lead to reduced performance, increased wear and tear, and potential safety issues.

Examples of Aftermarket Modifications

There are various aftermarket modifications for FWD Ford Escapes.

• Suspension Upgrades: These are popular for improving handling and aesthetics. Options include lowering springs, coilovers, and upgraded shocks and struts. Lowering springs reduce the vehicle’s ride height, giving it a sportier appearance and potentially lowering the center of gravity for improved cornering. Coilovers offer adjustable ride height and damping, allowing for fine-tuning of the suspension characteristics. Upgraded shocks and struts can improve ride quality and handling by providing better control over wheel movement.

• Exhaust Systems: Replacing the factory exhaust system with an aftermarket one can improve engine sound and, in some cases, offer a slight increase in horsepower. Cat-back systems, which replace the exhaust components from the catalytic converter back, are a common upgrade. Performance exhaust systems typically feature larger diameter piping and less restrictive mufflers to reduce backpressure and improve exhaust flow.
• Intake Systems: Cold air intakes or performance air filters can be installed to increase airflow to the engine. This can result in a modest power gain and a more aggressive engine sound. These systems often replace the factory airbox with a cone-shaped air filter and a less restrictive intake tube.
• Cosmetic Enhancements: These modifications primarily focus on improving the vehicle’s appearance. They include body kits, spoilers, alloy wheels, tinted windows, and custom lighting. Body kits can alter the vehicle’s styling with new bumpers, side skirts, and other aerodynamic components. Alloy wheels can enhance the visual appeal and potentially reduce unsprung weight, improving handling.
• Performance Chips/Tuners: These devices can remap the engine’s computer (ECU) to optimize performance. They can increase horsepower and torque by adjusting fuel delivery, ignition timing, and other engine parameters. However, the effectiveness and reliability of these modifications can vary significantly depending on the quality of the tuner and the compatibility with the engine.

Impact of Modifications on Fuel Economy and Reliability

Aftermarket modifications can influence both fuel economy and vehicle reliability, often in complex ways.

• Fuel Economy: Some modifications can have a negative impact on fuel economy. For example, performance exhaust systems and intake upgrades, while potentially increasing power, might also lead to a slight decrease in fuel efficiency if not properly tuned. Aggressive driving habits, often associated with performance modifications, can further reduce fuel economy. Conversely, lightweight wheels and aerodynamic enhancements could, in theory, improve fuel economy, although the gains are usually minimal.

• Reliability: Modifications can affect vehicle reliability, both positively and negatively. Poorly installed or incompatible modifications can lead to premature wear and tear on components, potentially shortening their lifespan. For instance, a poorly designed suspension system might put undue stress on suspension components, leading to early failure. Engine modifications, if not performed correctly, could lead to engine damage. On the other hand, well-executed modifications, such as regular maintenance and the use of high-quality parts, can sometimes improve reliability.

• Considerations: It’s important to consider the potential warranty implications of aftermarket modifications. Many modifications will void the factory warranty. Owners should carefully research the potential impact of any modifications on their vehicle’s long-term reliability and consult with qualified professionals for installation and tuning. The key to minimizing negative impacts is to select high-quality parts, ensure professional installation, and drive responsibly.

Concluding Remarks

So, there you have it, a complete guide to the FWD Ford Escape! From saving on fuel to cruising through Medan’s traffic, these Escapes are a solid choice. Whether you’re a seasoned driver or just starting out, understanding the ins and outs of your FWD Escape is key. Remember those maintenance tips, drive safely, and most importantly, enjoy the ride! Now go on, and keep on rolling!

Questions and Answers: Are Ford Escape Front Wheel Drive

What’s the main difference between FWD and AWD?

FWD (Front-Wheel Drive) means the front wheels get the power, while AWD (All-Wheel Drive) sends power to all four wheels. AWD is better for tough conditions like snow, but FWD is usually cheaper and more fuel-efficient.

Is FWD good for Medan’s roads?

Yep! FWD is totally fine for most of Medan’s roads. It handles rain and normal conditions just fine. Just be careful in floods or super slippery spots.

How do I know if my Escape is FWD?

Check the model year, and look at the specs when you bought it or look for the “FWD” badge. Also, usually, if you see only two drive axles in the back, it’s FWD.

Does FWD affect my fuel economy?

Yup! FWD Escapes generally get better gas mileage than AWD models because they’re lighter and have less mechanical stuff going on.

Are FWD Escapes reliable?

They’re pretty reliable! Just follow the maintenance schedule, and you should be good to go. Keep an eye on those front tires and axles.