Does Four Wheel Drive Help on Ice? Examining Performance and Safety.

Does four wheel drive help on ice? This question sits at the intersection of automotive engineering, physics, and practical driving experience. The allure of enhanced traction, particularly in challenging conditions, often leads drivers to believe that four-wheel drive (4WD) systems are a panacea for icy roads. However, a deeper understanding reveals a more nuanced reality, one where the benefits of 4WD are intertwined with limitations and potential safety risks.

This exploration delves into the mechanics of 4WD, the physics of ice, and the driving techniques necessary to navigate these treacherous surfaces safely and effectively.

This investigation will dissect the intricacies of 4WD systems, contrasting various types and their operational characteristics. It will then explore the fundamental principles of friction and vehicle dynamics on ice, examining how tire grip is compromised and how different ice conditions affect vehicle handling. Furthermore, this analysis will debunk common misconceptions surrounding 4WD’s performance on ice, providing a clear explanation of its advantages and potential drawbacks.

Ultimately, the objective is to equip drivers with the knowledge and skills needed to make informed decisions and drive safely in icy conditions, maximizing the benefits of 4WD while mitigating its inherent risks.

Understanding Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)

Hey there, gearheads! Today, we’re diving deep into the world of four-wheel drive (4WD) systems. It’s a technology that’s become synonymous with off-road capability and improved traction, especially in challenging conditions like ice. Let’s break down how these systems work and what makes them tick.

Fundamental Mechanics of a 4WD System and Power Distribution

A 4WD system’s core function is to send engine power to all four wheels simultaneously. This contrasts with two-wheel drive (2WD) systems, which only power either the front or rear wheels. This enhanced power delivery significantly impacts vehicle performance, particularly in situations where traction is compromised.The typical 4WD system works by:* Engine Power: The engine generates the initial power.

Transmission

The transmission is responsible for adjusting the engine’s power and torque to suit the vehicle’s speed and load requirements.

Transfer Case

This crucial component is the heart of the 4WD system. It receives power from the transmission and splits it, sending power to both the front and rear axles. The transfer case also often provides a low-range gear for increased torque at slower speeds, ideal for off-roading.

Front and Rear Differentials

These differentials allow the wheels on each axle to rotate at different speeds, which is essential when turning corners.

Axles

The axles transmit the power from the differentials to the wheels, causing them to rotate.The distribution of power between the front and rear axles varies depending on the type of 4WD system. This distribution impacts the vehicle’s handling characteristics and its suitability for different driving conditions. For instance, in a 50/50 split, the front and rear axles receive an equal amount of power.

Different 4WD System Types and Operational Differences

There are several types of 4WD systems, each with unique characteristics and operational differences. Understanding these differences is crucial for choosing the right system for your needs.* Part-Time 4WD: This is the most basic and typically the most affordable 4WD system.

This system is designed to be engaged only when extra traction is needed, such as in off-road conditions or on slippery surfaces.

In part-time 4WD, the driver must manually engage the 4WD system, often by shifting a lever or pressing a button.

It operates in 2WD mode on dry pavement to prevent binding in the drivetrain, which can cause damage.

The transfer case locks the front and rear driveshafts together, ensuring that both axles receive power.

Example

Many older pickup trucks and SUVs utilize part-time 4WD.* Full-Time 4WD: This system provides power to all four wheels constantly.

It does not require the driver to manually engage the 4WD system.

A center differential allows the front and rear axles to rotate at different speeds, preventing binding on dry pavement.

This system generally provides excellent traction and stability in various conditions.

Example

Some luxury SUVs and high-performance vehicles employ full-time 4WD.* Automatic 4WD: This system combines features of both part-time and full-time 4WD.

It typically operates in 2WD mode under normal driving conditions.

Sensors monitor wheel speed and other parameters, and the system automatically engages 4WD when it detects wheel slippage.

This provides enhanced traction without requiring driver intervention.

While four-wheel drive offers enhanced traction on ice, it doesn’t guarantee invincibility. Remember, controlling your vehicle is key, and sometimes, a firm grip on the wheel is all you need. If your steering wheel’s grip isn’t up to par, consider learning how to rewrap a steering wheel for better control. Ultimately, even with 4WD, safe driving on ice relies on skill and caution, not just technology.

Example

Many modern SUVs and crossovers use automatic 4WD systems. The choice between these systems depends on driving needs and preferences. Part-time 4WD is suitable for occasional off-roading and cost-effectiveness. Full-time 4WD provides constant traction and is excellent for all-weather driving. Automatic 4WD offers a balance of convenience and capability.

The Role of Differentials in a 4WD System

Differentials are essential components of any 4WD system. They allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds, which is crucial for turning corners. Without differentials, the wheels would bind, leading to poor handling and potential damage to the drivetrain.* Open Differential: This is the most basic type of differential. It allows each wheel to rotate independently. While effective in providing smooth cornering on dry pavement, an open differential sends power to the wheel with the least resistance.

If one wheel loses traction, all the power is directed to that wheel, leaving the other wheel with no power.

Limited-Slip Differential (LSD)

An LSD limits the amount of wheel spin that can occur. It can transfer more power to the wheel with better traction. This enhances traction and performance, especially in off-road conditions. LSDs can use various mechanisms, such as clutches or gears, to achieve this effect.

Locking Differential

This type of differential locks the axles together, forcing both wheels to rotate at the same speed. This provides maximum traction in extreme conditions, such as deep mud or snow. Locking differentials are typically used in off-road vehicles. The use of limited-slip and locking differentials improves a 4WD system’s ability to handle challenging conditions. For example, a vehicle equipped with an LSD can better maintain forward momentum when one wheel is on a slippery surface, like ice.

The LSD directs more power to the wheel with grip, allowing the vehicle to continue moving. In contrast, a locking differential ensures that both wheels on an axle receive equal power, providing maximum traction when needed.

Ice and Vehicle Dynamics

Driving on ice presents unique challenges, as the reduced friction dramatically alters how a vehicle behaves. Understanding the physics at play is crucial for safe driving. This section will delve into the science behind ice-related vehicle dynamics, exploring the concepts of friction, tire grip, and the impact of different ice conditions on vehicle handling.

Physics of Friction on Ice

Friction is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. On icy surfaces, this force is significantly reduced compared to dry pavement. This reduction is the primary reason why vehicles are harder to control on ice. The amount of friction available is directly related to the coefficient of friction, which varies depending on the materials and the conditions of the surfaces in contact.The coefficient of friction between a tire and ice is considerably lower than on asphalt.

This means that less force is required to initiate or maintain a slide. For example, a vehicle traveling on dry asphalt might have a coefficient of friction of 0.8, while on black ice, this value can drop to as low as 0.1. This significant difference explains why it takes much longer to stop, accelerate, or change direction on ice.Consider the following formula:

Friction Force = Coefficient of Friction

Normal Force

This equation illustrates that the friction force is directly proportional to the normal force (the force pressing the tire against the road) and the coefficient of friction. When the coefficient of friction decreases (as on ice), the friction force also decreases, making it harder to control the vehicle. This is why gentle inputs on the steering wheel, accelerator, and brakes are essential on icy roads.

Tire Grip and Ice Conditions, Does four wheel drive help on ice

Tire grip, or the ability of a tire to maintain contact with the road surface and provide traction, is severely compromised on ice. The tread pattern of a tire is designed to channel away water, snow, and slush, improving grip. However, on ice, this tread pattern is less effective because the ice surface is very smooth.The type of ice significantly impacts tire grip.

Black ice, a thin, transparent layer of ice, is particularly dangerous because it’s often invisible. Packed snow can offer slightly more grip than black ice, but it still reduces traction compared to dry pavement. Slush, a mixture of water and snow, can also be treacherous, as it can cause hydroplaning, where the tires lose contact with the road surface and “float” on top of the water.The condition of the tires also plays a critical role.

Worn tires have less tread depth, reducing their ability to channel away water and snow, thereby decreasing grip on ice. Tires specifically designed for winter conditions, with specialized rubber compounds and tread patterns, provide significantly better grip on ice and snow than all-season tires.

Impact of Ice Conditions on Vehicle Handling

Different ice conditions present varying degrees of challenges to vehicle control. The following table Artikels several common ice conditions and their effects on vehicle handling.

4WD and Ice: Myth vs. Reality

Alright, let’s dive into the common misconceptions and realities surrounding four-wheel drive (4WD) vehicles on icy surfaces. Many drivers believe that 4WD is a magic bullet for ice, but the truth is a bit more nuanced. Understanding the limitations and benefits of 4WD in these conditions is crucial for safe driving. We’ll break down the facts, dispelling myths and highlighting the real-world implications.

Common Misconceptions About 4WD Performance on Ice

There are several widespread misunderstandings about how 4WD behaves on ice. These misconceptions can lead to overconfidence and dangerous driving habits.

• Myth: 4WD prevents skidding. This is perhaps the most dangerous misconception. While 4WD can improve acceleration, it does not inherently prevent a vehicle from skidding. All vehicles, regardless of drivetrain, are subject to the laws of physics. Once the tires lose traction, the vehicle can skid.
• Myth: 4WD provides superior braking. 4WD does
  -not* improve braking performance. Braking relies on the tires’ ability to grip the road surface. If the tires can’t grip, the vehicle will slide, regardless of how many wheels are powered.
• Myth: 4WD is always better on ice. While 4WD can be advantageous in certain situations, it’s not always the superior choice. In some scenarios, a skilled driver in a rear-wheel-drive (RWD) vehicle with winter tires might have better control than an inexperienced driver in a 4WD vehicle with all-season tires.

Improving Acceleration and Uphill Performance on Ice with 4WD

WD can offer advantages in specific situations, particularly when accelerating or climbing uphill on ice. This is due to the increased grip provided by distributing power to all four wheels.

When accelerating on ice, the primary limitation is the available friction between the tires and the road surface. A 4WD system can significantly improve this situation. By distributing the engine’s power to all four wheels, the vehicle can utilize more of the available friction. This leads to better acceleration and the ability to maintain forward momentum.

For example, imagine a vehicle attempting to climb a steep, icy hill. A 2WD vehicle may struggle to gain traction, with its drive wheels spinning uselessly. However, a 4WD vehicle can apply power to all four wheels, allowing it to “claw” its way up the incline. The increased traction makes it easier to overcome the force of gravity and maintain forward progress.

4WD’s Potential to Reduce Safety Margins on Ice

While 4WD can offer advantages, it can also create a false sense of security, potentially reducing the safety margin, particularly during braking or turning.

One of the primary dangers is that drivers may become overconfident in their vehicle’s ability to handle icy conditions. They might attempt maneuvers that are beyond the vehicle’s capabilities, leading to loss of control. The increased acceleration capability can lead to a false sense of security, encouraging drivers to travel at speeds that are too high for the conditions. When it comes time to brake or turn, the vehicle might not respond as expected.

For instance, consider a situation where a driver is approaching a sharp turn on an icy road. A 4WD vehicle may accelerate well into the turn, but if the driver is going too fast, the vehicle can still lose control due to insufficient grip during the turn. Braking in this situation will be just as difficult as in a 2WD vehicle.

The increased acceleration can mask the limitations of the vehicle in braking and turning, potentially leading to a more serious accident.

Driving Techniques on Ice with 4WD

Driving on ice presents a unique set of challenges, regardless of the vehicle’s drivetrain. While four-wheel drive (4WD) provides enhanced traction, it’s crucial to understand that it doesn’t eliminate the laws of physics. Mastering specific driving techniques is essential for safe navigation on icy roads. This section focuses on how to maneuver a 4WD vehicle effectively in these treacherous conditions, emphasizing the importance of driver skill and awareness.

Accelerating, Steering, and Braking on Ice

Controlling a vehicle on ice demands a delicate touch and anticipatory driving. Abrupt movements can easily lead to a loss of control. Understanding how to manage acceleration, steering, and braking is paramount for safe travel.* Acceleration: On icy surfaces, gentle acceleration is key. Avoid rapid throttle application, which can cause the wheels to spin, reducing forward progress and potentially leading to a loss of control.

Applying the accelerator smoothly and gradually allows the 4WD system to distribute power effectively, maximizing traction. Imagine you’re trying to balance a full glass of water on the dashboard – smooth and controlled movements are your goal.* Steering: Steering on ice requires precise and measured inputs. Oversteering or jerky steering motions can easily upset the vehicle’s balance.

When turning, initiate the steering input smoothly and avoid sudden corrections. Anticipate the turn and adjust your steering angle gradually. Look far ahead to anticipate upcoming turns and adjust your speed and steering accordingly. This is like ice skating; small, controlled adjustments are more effective than large, sweeping motions.* Braking: Braking on ice is perhaps the most challenging aspect.

The reduced friction between the tires and the ice significantly increases stopping distances. Avoid slamming on the brakes, as this can lock the wheels and cause a skid. Instead, use a gentle, progressive braking technique. If your vehicle is equipped with anti-lock brakes (ABS), allow the system to do its work. ABS will pulse the brakes, preventing wheel lockup and allowing you to maintain steering control.

If your vehicle doesn’t have ABS, use a technique called “threshold braking,” where you apply the brakes firmly, just short of the point where the wheels lock up. Release the brakes slightly if you feel the wheels beginning to skid. Remember that stopping distances can be significantly longer on ice; always maintain a safe following distance. Consider the example of a vehicle traveling at 30 mph on dry pavement requiring approximately 60-80 feet to stop, which on ice, the stopping distance can increase to several hundred feet, depending on the ice conditions.

Essential Safety Precautions for Icy Road Driving with 4WD

Driving on ice demands a proactive approach to safety. Implementing these precautions can significantly reduce the risk of accidents.* Reduce Speed: The most crucial safety measure is to reduce your speed significantly. Posted speed limits are often too high for icy conditions. Drive at a speed that allows you to maintain control and stop safely within the distance you can see.* Increase Following Distance: Increase the distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front.

This provides more time to react to any sudden braking or changes in direction by the lead vehicle. A minimum of three to five seconds is recommended, and more in severe icy conditions.* Avoid Sudden Movements: Steer clear of abrupt steering, braking, and acceleration maneuvers. These actions can easily cause a loss of control on ice. Make smooth, deliberate inputs.* Be Aware of Road Conditions: Pay close attention to road conditions.

Black ice, which is often invisible, is particularly dangerous. Be extra cautious on bridges, overpasses, and shaded areas, as these areas tend to freeze first.* Check Tire Pressure: Ensure your tires are properly inflated. Underinflated tires can reduce traction. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the recommended tire pressure.* Use Appropriate Tires: Consider using winter tires, specifically designed for cold weather and icy conditions.

These tires have a unique tread pattern and rubber compound that provide superior grip compared to all-season tires.* Carry an Emergency Kit: Always have an emergency kit in your vehicle, including items such as a flashlight, jumper cables, a first-aid kit, a blanket, and a cell phone charger.* Avoid Cruise Control: Do not use cruise control on icy roads.

If your vehicle begins to skid, cruise control will prevent you from reacting quickly.* Drive During Daylight: If possible, avoid driving on ice at night. Reduced visibility makes it more difficult to assess road conditions and react to hazards.

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and Traction Control Systems (TCS) in Conjunction with 4WD

Modern vehicles are equipped with electronic systems designed to enhance safety and control, especially on slippery surfaces. Understanding the role of these systems is crucial.* Electronic Stability Control (ESC): ESC is an advanced safety system that helps prevent skidding and loss of control. It monitors the vehicle’s direction and compares it to the driver’s intended path. If the vehicle begins to slide, ESC selectively applies the brakes to individual wheels to help steer the vehicle back on course.

ESC works in conjunction with the 4WD system, coordinating braking and power distribution to maximize stability. Imagine ESC as an invisible hand gently guiding your car back to the correct path when you start to lose control.* Traction Control System (TCS): TCS prevents wheelspin during acceleration. When the system detects that a wheel is spinning faster than the others, it reduces engine power or applies the brakes to that wheel, transferring power to the wheels with more grip.

This helps maintain traction and prevents the vehicle from getting stuck in slippery conditions. TCS complements the 4WD system by ensuring that the available power is efficiently delivered to the wheels that can best use it. In the event of a spin, the interaction between 4WD, ESC, and TCS is critical. The 4WD system distributes power to all four wheels, ESC applies braking force to individual wheels to counter the skid, and TCS prevents wheel spin during acceleration, all working together to regain control.

Other Factors Affecting Ice Performance

Hey there, ice adventurers! We’ve covered a lot about 4WD and ice, but the truth is, there’s more to the story than just the drivetrain. Several other factors play a critical role in how well your vehicle performs when the roads turn into skating rinks. Let’s dive into some of these crucial elements that can significantly impact your safety and control.

Tire Choice and Ice Performance

The tires are the only point of contact between your vehicle and the road. Their condition and type are paramount when navigating icy surfaces. The right tires can make a world of difference.The following points highlight the significance of tire choice for ice performance:

• Winter Tires: Designed specifically for cold weather, winter tires use a unique rubber compound that remains flexible even in freezing temperatures. This flexibility allows the tire to grip the ice and snow more effectively. They also feature a specialized tread pattern with sipes (small slits) that enhance grip by providing more biting edges. Think of them as tiny claws digging into the ice.

• All-Season Tires: While offering a compromise for year-round use, all-season tires are generally less effective on ice than winter tires. Their rubber compound stiffens in cold weather, reducing grip. Their tread patterns are also less aggressive than those of winter tires. They are suitable for light snow but not for heavy snow or ice.
• Tire Pressure: Maintaining the correct tire pressure is crucial for optimal performance on ice. Underinflated tires have a larger contact patch, which can improve grip in certain conditions. However, overinflation reduces the contact patch and can decrease grip. Always refer to your vehicle’s owner’s manual for recommended tire pressures.
• Tread Depth: Adequate tread depth is essential for evacuating water and slush from under the tire, preventing hydroplaning and maintaining contact with the ice. Worn tires, with shallow tread, significantly reduce grip. The “penny test” is a simple way to check your tread depth. If you can see the top of Lincoln’s head when you place a penny in the tread, it’s time to replace your tires.

Vehicle Weight Distribution and Handling on Ice

How a vehicle’s weight is distributed can significantly influence its handling characteristics on ice. Weight distribution affects how the vehicle responds to steering and braking inputs.Here’s how vehicle weight distribution impacts handling in icy conditions:

• Front-Heavy Vehicles: Vehicles with more weight in the front, such as many sedans, may experience understeer on ice. This means the vehicle tends to “plow” straight ahead when you turn the steering wheel. The front tires lose grip first.
• Rear-Heavy Vehicles: Vehicles with more weight in the rear, like some sports cars, are prone to oversteer on ice. This means the rear of the vehicle swings out, making it harder to control. The rear tires lose grip first.
• Balanced Weight Distribution: Vehicles with a more balanced weight distribution (around 50/50 front to rear) generally handle better on ice. The front and rear tires lose grip more evenly, making the vehicle more predictable.
• Impact of Cargo: Adding heavy cargo to a vehicle can alter its weight distribution. For instance, loading a lot of weight in the trunk of a rear-wheel-drive car can improve traction in snowy conditions, but it can also make the vehicle more prone to oversteer on ice if the weight is excessive.

Vehicle Type Performance Comparison on Ice

Different vehicle types behave differently on ice, even with the same drivetrain. Factors like weight, center of gravity, and suspension design influence performance. The following table provides a general comparison, keeping in mind that actual performance can vary based on specific vehicle models, tire choices, and driver skill.

Safety Considerations and Best Practices: Does Four Wheel Drive Help On Ice

Staying safe on icy roads is paramount, and understanding how to navigate these treacherous conditions is crucial for any driver. While four-wheel drive offers advantages, it’s not a magic bullet. Combining 4WD with safe driving practices is the key to minimizing risk and ensuring a safe journey. Let’s delve into some essential safety considerations and best practices to help you drive with confidence on ice.

Assessing Ice Conditions Before Driving

Before venturing out, a thorough assessment of ice conditions is essential. This involves more than just a quick glance at the thermometer. Ice can be deceptive, appearing harmless in certain areas while posing significant hazards elsewhere.

• Check the Weather Forecast: Monitor weather reports for temperature fluctuations, precipitation, and wind conditions. Freezing rain, sleet, and even light snow can quickly create icy patches. Pay close attention to overnight temperatures, as they often dictate the presence of black ice.
• Observe Road Conditions: Look for visual cues indicating ice formation. Bridges, overpasses, shaded areas, and areas near bodies of water are particularly susceptible to ice. Black ice, which is transparent and difficult to see, is especially dangerous. If you see wet pavement and the temperature is near freezing, be extra cautious.
• Test the Road Surface: If it’s safe to do so, gently tap your brakes in an unpopulated area to gauge the road’s grip. A slippery feel indicates ice. If possible, avoid driving on roads that are known to be icy or have a history of accidents.
• Consider Road Treatment: Note whether roads have been treated with salt or other de-icing agents. Even with treatment, ice can still form, and the effectiveness of these agents diminishes at extremely low temperatures.

Strategies for Dealing with a Skid in a 4WD Vehicle on Ice

Even with 4WD, skids can happen. Knowing how to react is crucial for regaining control. Remember that 4WD helps with acceleration and potentially with cornering, but it does not defy the laws of physics.

• Stay Calm: Panic is your worst enemy. Take a deep breath and focus on steering in the direction you want the vehicle to go.
• Steer into the Skid: If the rear of your vehicle is sliding to the right, steer the steering wheel to the right. If the rear is sliding to the left, steer to the left. This counter-steering technique helps to realign the vehicle.
• Avoid Hard Braking: Hard braking can lock your wheels and worsen the skid, especially on ice. If you have anti-lock brakes (ABS), apply firm, steady pressure. If you don’t have ABS, pump the brakes gently to avoid locking the wheels.
• Ease Off the Accelerator: Reduce your speed gradually. Avoid accelerating or braking suddenly, as this can upset the vehicle’s balance.
• Maintain a Safe Following Distance: Increase your following distance to at least three to ten seconds behind the vehicle in front of you. This gives you more time to react to any hazards.

Emergency Procedures to Follow if You Lose Control on Ice

In the event of a complete loss of control, having a plan can make all the difference. These procedures should be committed to memory and practiced mentally.

• Assess the Situation: Quickly evaluate the direction of the skid and the surrounding environment. Identify any potential hazards, such as oncoming traffic or obstacles.
• Steer and Correct: As previously mentioned, steer in the direction of the skid. Make small, controlled steering adjustments to regain control. Avoid oversteering, which can lead to a spin in the opposite direction.
• Brake Cautiously: If braking is necessary, use the techniques described above (firm, steady pressure with ABS; pumping the brakes without ABS). Avoid braking abruptly, as this can worsen the skid.
• Maintain Control of the Steering Wheel: Keep your hands firmly on the steering wheel and avoid sudden movements. Let the vehicle’s momentum carry it through the skid while you gently guide it back on course.
• Activate Hazard Lights: Turn on your hazard lights to alert other drivers to your situation.
• Pull Over Safely: Once you’ve regained control, carefully pull over to a safe location, away from traffic. Check your vehicle for any damage and assess your surroundings before continuing your journey.

Closing Notes

In conclusion, the efficacy of four-wheel drive on ice is not a simple yes or no proposition. While 4WD undeniably offers advantages in acceleration and uphill performance, its impact on braking and turning is less clear-cut. The true key to safe driving on ice lies not solely in the presence of 4WD, but in a comprehensive understanding of vehicle dynamics, proper driving techniques, and the crucial role of tire selection.

By embracing these principles, drivers can leverage the benefits of 4WD while remaining vigilant and adaptable to the ever-changing conditions of icy roads, ensuring a safer and more controlled driving experience.

Answers to Common Questions

Does 4WD make my vehicle invincible on ice?

No. 4WD enhances acceleration and uphill performance, but it does not inherently improve braking or turning capabilities. The laws of physics still apply, and a 4WD vehicle can still skid if driven inappropriately on ice. Driver skill and appropriate tires are critical.

Can I drive faster on ice with 4WD?

Generally, no. While 4WD may allow for quicker acceleration, it does not provide enhanced grip for braking or turning. Attempting to drive at excessive speeds on ice, regardless of the drivetrain, significantly increases the risk of losing control.

What is the best type of 4WD system for ice?

There is no single “best” type. The suitability depends on the specific application and conditions. Full-time 4WD offers continuous power distribution, while part-time systems require manual engagement. Automatic systems can adapt to changing conditions. The key is to understand the capabilities and limitations of your vehicle’s 4WD system.

Do I need winter tires if I have 4WD?

Yes, winter tires are highly recommended, regardless of whether your vehicle has 4WD. Winter tires are specifically designed with unique rubber compounds and tread patterns that provide superior grip on ice and snow compared to all-season tires, regardless of the drivetrain.

What should I do if my 4WD vehicle starts to skid on ice?

The standard procedure for any skid, regardless of drivetrain, is to steer in the direction you want the front of the vehicle to go (steer into the skid). Avoid sudden braking or acceleration, and gently modulate the steering and throttle until you regain control. Electronic stability control (ESC) systems will assist, but driver input is still crucial.